This book aims to introduce the most important literary texts of ancient Eastern cultures, including myths, epics, proverbs, hymns, prayers, and other works. The author has expanded upon these texts with a number of studies that shed light on this literature and facilitate its understanding and appreciation. Some of these texts are presented in full, while others are presented through excerpts that express their spirit and the intentions of their authors, especially when the clay tablets are not entirely legible due to fractures and distortions. Although the author has accompanied his texts with explanations and analyses, he has kept them to the necessary minimum so as not to bore the inexperienced reader. He hopes, at the same time, to provide researchers in other fields of the humanities with useful evidence that will spare them the need to refer to the major international references on which he relies.