This book presents us with a unique perspective on Sumer and its civilization, where the earliest spiritual and material origins of humanity lie. It presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of four fundamental pillars of Sumerian civilization, the first human civilization in historical times. These pillars are: 1. History: The author traces the earliest origins of the Sumerians and presents several theories of their origins, traces their migrations, and presents their historical development from village to city to state to empire. 2. Mythology: Classifies the Sumerian gods and myths on new scientific foundations, presents and analyzes them, and reveals the many intellectual and spiritual treasures they contain. He also draws a broad genealogy exclusively for the Sumerian gods. 3. Theology: It presents an in-depth study of Sumerian religious ideas and beliefs through (12) main themes of religious beliefs and ideas, and links them to their appropriate myths and rituals. 4. Rituals: It presents a presentation of daily, occasional and periodic rituals and rites, and of secret rituals (magic, divination, astrology, dream interpretation).