History of Modern Philosophy

Youssef Karam

In addition to chronicling modern philosophy that emerged after medieval philosophies, The History of Modern Philosophy is a philosophical dictionary that clearly and easily identifies philosophers from the fifteenth century to the early twentieth. The first chapter of the book examines the remnants of ancient philosophies, discussing the Platonists, who derived their foundations for a natural religion, and the Averroists, who propagated atheism under the guise of studying Aristotle and Averroes. The second chapter discusses the mothers of modern doctrines, such as Descartes, Pascal, and Spinoza. The third chapter discusses the philosophies of realism and its figures, such as Hume and Bacon. The fourth chapter presents the philosophies of Maine de Biran and Auguste Comte, who attempted to encompass all aspects within a single doctrine. The fifth chapter traces the conflict between Darwin, Spencer, and the materialists who found new weapons in the theory of evolution, and the spiritualists supported by the French. Then, in the final chapter, the complete division between modern philosophies into two schools of thought becomes clear: materialistic and spiritual, which are constantly in conflict in search of solutions to major problems.