Divine signs

Author's name: Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi

Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, a Sufi master known as the "philosopher of writers" and "writer of philosophers," was a prominent figure of the 4th century AH (10th century CE). He spent most of his life in Baghdad. Al-Tawhidi was distinguished by his vast knowledge, sharp intellect, and elegant style. His writings are characterized by their diverse subject matter, rich content, and the inclusion of anecdotes and allusions open to multiple interpretations. We know that al-Tawhidi was born in Baghdad and died in Shiraz, but the exact dates of his birth and death are unknown. However, it is certain that al-Tawhidi was alive in 400 AH (1000 CE), as he himself mentioned in one of his letters. In his early years, al-Tawhidi worked as a scribe, a profession that provided him with a wealth of knowledge. His remarkable book, "Divine Signs," consists of letters that take the form of supplications and invocations addressed to a specific individual. Al-Tawhidi appears to be reaching out to a fellow seeker on the path of guidance and salvation. He offers advice on cultivating virtues, refining character, reflecting on the blessings bestowed upon humanity by the Creator, and explaining how to strive for divine favor. Depending on the varying psychological states, al-Tawhidi's discourse ranges from gentleness to severity. He offers definitions of certain issues and clarifications of certain matters concerning the conduct of the seeker and the aspirant. The book provides us with a clear understanding of Sufism as al-Tawhidi believed it. He skillfully blended the writing of Sufi epistles with personal, emotional expression in his mystical allusions, elevating his style to a level unmatched by any Sufi before him, and even by al-Tawhidi himself in any of his extant works.