The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a collection of texts centered around a “plan” for Jewish world domination. These texts were first published in the Russian Empire in the St. Petersburg newspaper Znamya in 1903. Many historians consider these writings to be a hoax, especially after a 1921 journalistic investigation into their authenticity by The Times of London. The investigation concluded that the articles were literary forgeries of a French book, and a series of articles describing the forgery were published. That same year, the full text of the Protocols was printed in the United States. In 1934, the Swiss physician Dr. A. Zander published a series of articles describing the Protocols as a historical fact, but he was put on trial for publishing those articles. The Protocols are part of the conspiracy theory, anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism. The Protocols were originally published and promoted by communists opposed to the government of the Russian Empire. They began after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 AD, and at the hands of the Bolsheviks, they spread ideas that the Jews were trying to control the world. The book explains how the Jews think, and its publication was banned for a long time, to the point that the late President Gamal Abdel Nasser asked the Egyptian intelligence to provide him with a copy to read. This book was also one of the reasons for Hitler’s extermination of the Jews and his desire to eliminate them.